The use of energy is a factor in all our lives, and that is why it is important for us teachers to have our students learn about the energy we use now and the new forms of energy that are becoming available. Difficulties are thus expected during the storage, transport, and use of hydrogen as a fuel. As the race to find energy sources to replace our dwindling fossil fuel supplies continues apace, hydrogen is likely to play a crucial role in the future. Alternative fuels free download as powerpoint presentation. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and nonpetroleumbased fuel technology as. Demand for hydrogen, which has grown more than threefold since 1975, continues to rise almost entirely supplied from fossil fuels, with 6% of global natural gas and 2% of global coal going to hydrogen production. The text provides extensive discussion on hydrogen sources, both solar and nuclear, and fuel cell technology, as well as other alternative fuels such as biomass. While a variety of new fuel technologies are advancing, policy makers can be assured that the internal combustion engine will remain dominant for decades, the national petroleum council told the department of energy on wednesday in a report the report from the council, an advisory agency, was drawn up in response to requests from the department for counsel on how to accelerate the adoption.
Linden, one of gregorys colleagues at the institute of gas technology, in 1971. Current estimates show that automobiles and trucks account for about 45% of the anthropogenic vocs volatile organic compounds, 50% of the nox oxides of nitrogen figures 121, 122. Types of alternative fuels include biodiesel, electricity, methanol and ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, propane and new fuels still under development, called emerging fuels. However, such a transition will require a large investment and will not be reversible. Alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies gives an overview of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector part i considers the role of alternative fuels such as. A significant barrier to the wider adoption of hydrogen vehicles is the cost of production of fuel cells, which means that as a fuel source hydrogen is roughly 34 times more expensive than diesel. They are electrochemi cal devices similar to a battery and consist of a container, an. This new edition covers new hydrogen developments in technology, oil supplies and new drilling techniques, latest information on hydrogen highway projects, breakthroughs in fuel cell technology and ultra. Hydrogen is the simplest molecule on earth with only one proton and one electron. As an energy carrier like electricity not an energy source, it must be manufactured.
Alternative energy sources and technologies can play a vital role in lowering or eliminating our reliance on fossil fuels. A glimpse of the alternative fuel future the new york times. Most vehicles run on fossil fuels, and this presents a major emissions problem as demand for fuel continues to increase. The text provides extensive discussion on hydrogen sources, both solar and nuclear, and fuel. Alternative fuels is a name given to a specific group of fuel sources in 1992 by the united states department of energy. Revised and updated, alternative fuels addresses many of the factors affecting our energy use, including the availability and desirability of various fuelsespecially the use of hydrogen. Doego1020011142 august 2001 advanced technology and. This comparison revealed that liquefied natural gas could be considered as the future replacement to the current marine bunker fuel. Jun 21, 2017 this surplus electricity has to be stored, which makes producing hydrogen an attractive alternative. Tr anspor tation, petroleum use, and alter natives guest lecture. Alternative fuels future of hydrogen download copy of this page newly revised, the second edition of this pioneering work addresses emerging factors affecting energy production and use, including the availability and desirability of various fuels. Alternative sources of energy an introduction to fuel cells. Fuels to drive our future the national academies press.
Hydrogen as a alternative fuel hydrogen is the ideal. Hydrogen as an alternative fuel young scientists journal. Jan 01, 2005 111 alternative fuels and their application to combustion engin es fig. Hydrogen gas is formed with two atoms on each molecule. Hydrogen has the potential to be a very efficient clean energy source in the future especially if its use can be adapted for applications which have the greatest energy demands such as transport.
This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Hydrogen is an exception to this, and its ignition properties are quite different from those of the conventional fuels. Editorial preface to the special issue on the 3 rd international conference on alternative fuels, energy and environment. Sustainable mobility, future fuels, and the periodic table. The future of hydrogen michael frank hordeski newly revised, the second edition of this pioneering work addresses emerging factors affecting energy production and use, including the availability and desirability of various fuels. There are many problems hindering the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel, but many technologies are already being developed to overcome these. New fuel cells are being developed that can use fossil fuels directly. Alternative fuels used in transportation for the teacher. Alternative fuels guidebook r180 this book presents the fundamentals needed to understand the physical and chemical properties of alternative fuels, and how they impact refueling system design and the modification of existing garages for safety. Fuel cell technology has been around for over 150 years and it shows great promise in powering vehicles and in providing energy for residential applications. Futures and challenges icafee 2018 28 th 31 st october 2018, nanjing, peoples republic of china.
All alternative fuel options have benefits and challenges. Residential renewable and alternative energy systems there are many opportunities to generate your own. Revised and updated, alternative fuels addresses many of the factors affecting our energy use, including the availability and desirability of various fuels. Hydrogen h 2 is an alternative fuel that can be produced from diverse domestic resources. Merewether abstract fuel cells are important future sources of electrical power and could contribute to a reduction in the amount of petro leum imported by the united states. In addition, hydrogen production from coal and natural gas with carbon capture and sequestration can provide a means for domestic fossil fuels to remain viable energy resources. This new edition covers new hydrogen developments in technology, oil supplies and new drilling techniques, latest information on hydrogen highway projects, breakthroughs in fuel cell. Global energy demand is expected to rise during the next few decades, and the majority of todays energy is based on fossil fuels. To this end, a computer model was developed that allows for the systematic selection of. The worlds future fleet will have to rely on a broader range of fuels, propulsion solutions and energy efficiency measures.
Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels download. In the short term, conservation and the use of highly eficient hybridelectric vehicles hevs can slow the overall rate of growth of oil consumption. But experts are turning more of their attention to alternative sources of liquid transportation fuels, as concerns mount about u. Aug 01, 2012 but the renewable fuels association, a trade group representing corn farmers, promptly issued a statement calling for the e. This new edition covers new hydrogen developments in technology, oil supplies and new drilling techniques, latest information on hydrogen highway projects. The american love affair with the automobile is powered by gasoline and diesel fuel, both produced from petroleum. Click download or read online button to get transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels book now. The german industrial giant siemens has concluded that hydrogen is. Nonrenewable energy sources are diminishing everyday, and it.
The 3rd international conference on alternative fuels. Other figures in terms of number of vehicles produced include 17. Nuclear power developed a stigma following the fukushima and chernobyl disasters, but the energy source has come a long way in safety, technology and output. The literature suggests that the term hydrogen economy may have been coined by h. Pdf alternative fuels and their application to combustion.
Some of the common and special liquid fuels and oxidizers are listed in table 3. Automotive fuel of the future article pdf available in ieee power and energy magazine 26. Fuels fix features stories about alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies successes in the united states. This surplus electricity has to be stored, which makes producing hydrogen an attractive alternative. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading alternative fuels. Chapter 3 conventional fuels and alternative fuels 31 3. Hydrogen hydrogen is a simple, abundant element found in organic matter, notably in the hydrocarbons that make up many of our fuels, such as gasoline, natural gas, methanol, and propane. Providing sustainable mobility is a major challenge that will require new vehicle and fuel technologies.
The site is powered by news from the us doe clean cities program as well as our working partners in the alternative fuels industry. As an avid researcher of alternative fuels and an ambitious chemistry student, this researcher understands the importance of a shift to a hydrogen economy. Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, can be used as an alternative fuel in flexible fuel vehicles that run on m85 the. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and ghg emissions by 80 percent across the u. How nasa reinvented the wheel shape memory alloys duration. Motivated by the large body of legislation and the complex nature of the potential alternative fuel supply chains, the goal of this work is to examine hydrogen as an alternative transportation fuel. Liquid fuels are mainly obtained from the crude oil.
Hydrogen is considered to be one of the most promising, and the most environmentally friendly, fuels to replace diesel and petrol in the future. A simple approach is presented that can be used in science education lectures at the high school or undergraduate level to provide students with an understanding of the elemental composition of future. Revised throughout, this book addresses many of the factors impacting our energy use, including the availability and desirability of various fuels especially. Alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies for. The 3rd international conference on alternative fuels, energy. The material left over at ethanol factories, called distillers grains, are still animal feed, bob dinneen, president of the group, pointed out, and reducing the mandate would not lower. Fuel of the future rachel chamousis abstract hydrogen is an energy carrier that can transform our fossil fuel dependent economy into a hydrogen economy, which can provide an emissionsfree transportation fuel. Alternative sour ces of energy an introduction to fuel cells by e. Hydrogen can be made by using heat to separate it from the hydrocarbons. On the basis of october 20 data, there are approximately 34 million flexible fuel vehicles and the sale of hybrid electric vehicles numbered more than 9 million september 2014 data. Other technologies are also discussed such as alternative routes to equivalents of conventional fuels, like ctl. Alternative fuels, known as nonconventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like.
Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Hydrogen, when used in a fuel cell to provide electricity, is an emissionsfree alternative fuel produced from diverse energy sources. Alternative fuels in transportation denis kouroussis. Research and commercial efforts are under way to expand the limited hydrogen. The german industrial giant siemens has concluded that hydrogen is the best storage option for. Supplying hydrogen to industrial users is now a major business around the world. The different alternative fuels were compared in terms of several parameters such as availability, renewability, safety, cost, performance, economy and compliance with emission regulations. Dan sperling november, 2012 fall quarter 2012 energy and environmental aspects of transportation civil and environmental engineering eci 163 environmental science and policy esp 163. A holistic analysis of energy and environmental impacts. Alternative fuels for automobiles are currently a topic of growing interest and importance.
The future of hydrogen, 2nd edition kindle edition by hordeski, michael. Although hydrogen is in its infancy in the market as a transportation fuel, government and industry are working toward clean, economical, and safe hydrogen production and distribution for widespread use in fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs. There are also large gaps in infrastructure which is costly to build and today there are not enough hydrogen vehicles on roads to make this profitable. Alternative and future fuels are the subject of considerable research and public interest. Overview of alternative fuels with emphasis on the potential. Currently, drivers of lightduty fuel cell electric vehicles fcevs can fuel up at retail stations in less than 5 minutes and obtain a driving range of more than 300 miles. Alternative fuels like solar, wind, geothermal and hydroelectric utilities are growing fast. Download pdf transitions to alternative vehicles and.